Work Environment and its Impact on Triple Constraint of Project Management

Project management’s fundamental concern is to effectively manage its triple constraints throughout the life cycle of a project to maximize productivity. At the same timework environment is considered a key feature, which influences the framework of project management. The present study assesses the impact of the work environment on the triple constraints (Scope, Time and Cost) of projects in the IT industry. The theoretical framework comprises Remuneration, Job Satisfaction, Job Security, and Working Hours as components of work environment and triple constraints as the dependent variable. Three hundred Project Managers across a number of IT firms have been approached, out of which 279 have responded to the questionnaire. The measurement tool has been developed by the researcher except for one construct, which has been adopted, followed by a pilot study. Inferential statistics have been applied to test the data. The study concludes that all project managers view a flexible and conducive work environment as bearing a strong relationship with the triple constraint of project management

A review of slicing techniques in software engineering

Program slice is the part of program that may take the program off the path of the desired output at some point of its execution. Such point is known as the slicing criterion. This point is generally identified at a location in a given program coupled with the subset of variables of program. This process in which program slices are computed is called program slicing. Weiser was the person who gave the original definition of program slice in 1979. Since its first definition, many ideas related to the program slice have been formulated along with the numerous numbers of techniques to compute program slice. Meanwhile, distinction between the static slice and dynamic slice was also made. Program slicing is now among the most useful techniques that can fetch the particular elements of a program which are related to a particular computation. Quite a large numbers of variants for the program slicing have been analyzed along with the algorithms to compute the slice. Model based slicing split the large architectures of software into smaller sub models during early stages of SDLC. Software testing is regarded as an activity to evaluate the functionality and features of a system. It verifies whether the system is meeting the requirement or not. A common practice now is to extract the sub models out of the giant models based upon the slicing criteria. Process of model based slicing is utilized to extract the desired lump out of slice diagram. This specific survey focuses on slicing techniques in the fields of numerous programing paradigms like web applications, object oriented, and components based. Owing to the efforts of various researchers, this technique has been extended to numerous other platforms that include debugging of program, program integration and analysis, testing and maintenance of software, reengineering, and reverse engineering. This survey portrays on the role of model based slicing and various techniques that are being taken on to compute the slices

Do Exchange Rates Fluctuations Influence Gold Price in G7 Countries? New Insights from a Nonparametric Causality-in-Quantiles Test

In the recent era, gold is considered an essential investment source, a source of hedging inflation, and a medium of monetary exchange. The gold and exchange rate nexus become prominent after events like sovereign debt crisis, subprime mortgage crisis, low-interest rate problem, and global financial market solvency. These events attract the attention of researchers and academician for investigating the dynamics of the relationship between gold and exchange rates, and the majority of the studies discusses the linear dynamics, but the non-linear dynamics are ignored. Therefore, the current research investigates the non-linear dynamics of gold price and exchange rate relationship in G7 countries using the new technique named the nonparametric causality approach. This study uses monthly data from the years 1995(January)-2017 (March). The empirical results show that exchange rate return causes gold prices in four out of G7, especially at the low tails. This study also gives valuable insights for monetary policymakers, gold exporter’s international portfolio managers, and hedge fund managers

Identifying the Grammatical Errors Committed by EFL Learners: A study of Public Sector Universities Sindh, Pakistan

Grammar is considered very important for learning a foreign language as it is an important pedagogical skill and a significant part of target language proficiency. Teachers are, thus, supposed to identify L2 learners’ common grammar mistakes for addressing them in their teaching.   This study is intended to investigate the most common errors made by Pakistani students at university level. Data was collected through Google Survey by dispatching questionnaire to the participants (n=80) also distributed manually. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 21. The results show that Pakistani university EFL students make a large number of both intra-lingual and inter-lingual errors.  The results also revealed that there was consensus found about the effectiveness of error correction. Teachers supported the use of different methods and stated that it has a positive impact on EFL learners' correct use of grammar. It is recommended that grammatical errors need more attention and the teachers need to provide essential feedback to minimize the error occurrence. Keywords: Error Analysis, GTM, Perceived Common Errors, Interlanguage, L1 Interferenc

Deployment of drone-based small cells for public safety communication system

In the event of a natural disaster, communications infrastructure plays an important role in organizing effective rescue services. However, the infrastructure-based communications are often affected during severe disaster events such as earthquakes, landslides, floods, and storm surges. Addressing this issue, the article proposes a novel drone-based cellular infrastructure to revive necessary communications for out-of-coverage user equipment (UE) which is in the disaster area. In particular, a matching game algorithm is proposed using one-to-many approach wherein several drone small cells (DSCs) are deployed to match different UEs to reach a stable connection with optimal throughput. In addition, a medium access control framework is then developed to optimize emergency and high priority communications initiated from the rescue workers and vulnerable individuals. The simulation results show that the throughput for the out-of-coverage UEs are significantly improved when the DSCs are deployed in public safety network while the channel access delay is also notably reduced for emergency communications within the affected areas

Object-Oriented Software Testing: A Review

Object-oriented (OO) software systems present specific challenges to the testing teams. As the object-oriented software contains the OO methodology and its different components, it is hard for the testing teams to test the software with arbitrary software components and the chance of errors could be increased. So different techniques, models, and methods researchers identified to tackle these challenges. In this paper, we are going to analyze and study the OO software testing. For handling challenges in OO software testing, different techniques and methods are proposed like UML diagrams, evolutionary testing, genetic algorithms, black-box testing, and white-box testing. The methodology used for research is literature review (LR) of the recent decay

N,N′-Bis(4-methoxy­benzyl­idene)-4,4′-(m-phenyl­enedi­oxy)dianiline

Mol­ecules of the title compound, C34H28N2O4, a Schiff base precursor for macrocycles, are located on a mirror plane. The C=N double bond is trans configured. Inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions stabilize the crystal packing

Key Features of SARS-CoV-2 and Available Therapies for COVID-19

The disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV2) is highly pathogenic and communicable infection, progressed in Wuhan city of China and then goes viral around the globe. The Genomic investigations exposed that Phylogenetically SARS-CoV2 resembles the other SARS-like bat viruses, therefore bats were also considered as the possible potential reservoir for SARS-CoV2. There are 2 prevalent types of SARS-CoV2, L type (~70%) and S type (~30%).The L strains are considered more infectious and virulent than the ancestral S strain. The positive sense single-stranded RNA genetic material contains 29891 nucleotides which codes for 9860 amino acids. The ORF1a/b is involved in carrying the translation of two (2) polyproteins, pp1a and pp1ab as well as the encoding of 16 NSPs (Non-structural proteins), and the leftover ORFS can bring about the encoding of non-essential and structural proteins. The origination source and transmission to humankinds is still not clear, but the intermediate hosts are supposed to have a significant role in the transfer and emergence of SARS-CoV2 from bats to humans. There is still no approved drug or vaccine available for Covid-19. In the current review, we condense and fairly evaluate the emergence and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Moreover, we also discuss the treatment and vaccine developments strategies for Covid-19